What did the research discover?
This study found that nearly one-third (32%) of patients with acute low back pain (LBP) transitioned to chronic LBP within six months. The risk of developing chronic pain was significantly associated with:
- Higher scores on the Subgroups for Targeted Treatment Back Tool (SBT), which predicts persistent functional limitations.
- Exposure to non-guideline-recommended treatments, such as opioid prescriptions, unnecessary imaging, and specialty referrals within the first 21 days of care.
- Patient factors like obesity, smoking, severe baseline disability, and depression or anxiety further increased the likelihood of chronic LBP.
Importantly, the more non-guideline treatments a patient received, the higher their risk of developing chronic LBP. Patients exposed to three non-guideline recommendations were twice as likely to transition to chronic pain compared to those who received none.
How can I apply this information?
If you are experiencing acute low back pain, these findings suggest that following evidence-based treatment guidelines may lower your risk of developing chronic pain. Consider:
- Avoiding early opioid prescriptions, unnecessary imaging, and immediate specialty referrals unless medically necessary.
- Using first-line treatments like heat therapy, physical activity, massage, acupuncture, or spinal manipulation.
- Staying active and maintaining a healthy lifestyle (e.g., managing weight, quitting smoking) to reduce risk factors for chronic pain.
Healthcare providers should focus on implementing guideline-based care strategies to improve patient outcomes and prevent unnecessary medical interventions that may contribute to long-term pain.
Source:
Foster NE, Mullis R, Hill JC, et al. Risk factors associated with transition from acute to chronic low back pain in US patients seeking primary care. JAMA Network Open. 2024. Available from: JAMA Network Open Article
